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中國農業機械化科學研究院集團有限公司 主管

北京卓眾出版有限公司 主辦

功能菌篩選及其在堆肥中的氣體減排效果

Functional bacterias screening and their gas emission reduction effect in composting

  • 摘要: 利用在不同溫度梯度培養的、能降解不同有機質的功能性菌株在堆肥不同時期的應用效果,探究在功能性菌劑作用下,好氧堆肥的實質變化、臭氣排放量與堆肥理化性質之間的關系。在低溫、中溫、高溫條件下,利用LB、PDA、各有機物篩選培養基,進行初篩、復篩,最終篩選出能夠降解不同有機質的功能性菌株。通過菌株在篩選培養基反應圈直徑/菌株直徑比D/d大小,挑選出有機質降解能力較強的菌株,再通過拮抗反應測定是否具有菌株之間的拮抗作用,最終復配出最優菌劑搭配。結果表明,D/d > 1.5,才能證明降解有機質能力較強,共篩選15株功能性菌株,命名為DR1~DR15。根據D/d、15菌株拮抗反應結果和多種有機質降解功能鑒定結果,最終選定DR3、DR6、DR12和DR13共4株具有有機質降解能力的功能性菌株制成菌液,得到復合菌劑 DR。與對照處理相比,試驗處理添加功能性菌劑后,NH3排放量增加,加強了堆體的氨化反應;H2S和VOCs排放量減少,較對照處理分別減少35%、40%。將復合菌劑DR應用于牛糞堆肥,可以有效減少堆肥試驗中H2S和VOCs排放,并且各指標均符合堆肥腐熟標準。

     

    Abstract: Using effects of functional bacteria application cultivated at different temperature gradients and can degrade different organic matter during different composting periods, relationship between substantial change in aerobic composting, odor emission, and composting physical and chemical properties under functional bacteria action was explored.At low, medium, and high temperatures, LB, PDA, and each organic matter screening medium were used to conduct primary and re-screening, and finally functional bacteria that could degrade different organic matter were screened out.Through its reaction circle diameter/strain diameter ratio(D/d)in screening medium, bacterias with stronger organic matter degradation ability were selected, and then through antagonistic reaction to determine whether there is antagonism between bacterias, and finally optimal mixture was combined.Results showed that D/d > 1.5 could prove strong ability to degrade organic matter, and a total of 15 functional bacteria were screened, named DR1~DR15.With a combination of D/d value, antagonistic reaction results of 15 bacterias, and identification results of various organic matter degradation functions, DR3, DR6, DR12, and DR13 four functional bacterias with organic matter degradation ability were finally selected to make bacterial liquid to obtain compound bacterium DR.Compared with control group, when functional bacteria was added to test group, NH3 emissions increased, which enhanced compost ammonia reaction.H2S and VOCs emissions were decreased by 35% and 40% respectively, compared with control group.Application of DR to cattle manure composting could effectively reduce H2S and VOCs emissions in composting process, and all indicators meet composting standards.

     

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